What is Master Data?

What is Master Data?

Master data in SAP is used as a base for any transaction. If you are producing, transferring stock, selling, purchasing, doing physical inventory, whatever your activity may be , it requires certain master data to be maintained. We have
General Ledger master data
material master data,
customer master data,
vendor master data,
pricing/conditions master data,
warehouse management master data (storage bin master data) etc.

SAP Basic & FI interview questions

1. What is the SAP Financial Accounting (FI) module?
     The SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Module provides integrated, on-line, 

    real-time functionality for processing, recording and maintaining the
    financial accounting transactions of the business for external reporting
    purposes.

2. List and describe sub-modules of FI?
  §  Accounts Receivable (A/R) – sub-module where customer transactions       are recorded and administered within FI.
  §  Accounts Payables (A/P) – sub-module where vendor transactions are recorded and administered within FI.
  §  General Ledger (G/L) – submodule where financial accounting data for a legal entity is recorded.
  §  Special Ledger (S/L) – provides summary information from multiple applications at a level of detail that the user defines that provides summary information from multiple applications at user defined levels.
  §  Asset Accounting (AA)- encompasses the entire lifetime of the assets from purchase order or the initial acquisition through retirement. To a large extent the system automatically calculates the values for depreciation, interest, insurance.
  §  Legal Consolidations: (FI-LC) is the sub-module with the central task of combining the financial operating results of the companies within a group to provide overall results for the group.
  §  Funds Management: (FI-FM) is the sub-module that supports financial checking and control using budgeting techniques.
  §  Travel Management (FI-TM): processes business trip and expense data. It may be integrated with HR (Personnel Data and Payroll).

3. Describe the SAP concept of “Integration.”
    Integration is the process by which data entered in one module is used by
    or updates another module on a real-time basis.

4. The General Ledger receives simultaneous postings from which other
     submodules within FI?
    The Accounts Receivable (FI-AR), Accounts Payable (FI-AP), and 
    Asset Accounting (FI-AA) modules.
5. FI-AR is closely integrated with which other module(s) within SAP?
    Which cycle does this support?
   The Accounts Receivable (FI-AR) module is closely integrated with the Sales
   & Distribution and Material Management modules. FI-AR supports the 
   Sales cycle

6. FI-AP is closely integrated with which other module(s) within SAP?
    Which cycle does this support?
    The FI-AP module is a closely integrated with the Materials Management
    (MM) module. The Accounts Payable module supports the Procurement
    Cycle.

7. List (3) features of the FI-GL module.
   • Multiple currency capability
   • Flexible real-time reporting
   • Real-time transaction entry

8. Cash Management is a sub-module of which module?
   Treasury module

9. Can depreciation be processed from Asset Accounting sub-module
     directly to the FI and CO Modules?
    Yes


10. What are the two major areas within the SAP environment? 
    Describe each.
   (1) Configuration – Maintenance of settings in the system to support
        customized business requirements of the client.
   (2) Application – On going processes required to record and report business

        activity.

11. What are the two methods available for accessing the configuration
       functions in FI? Describe each.
    • Implementation Guide (IMG) – leads you through the steps required for
      configuration in an implementation.
    • Transaction codes – takes you directly to the first screen of a transaction

       without the use of the IMG or menu paths.

12. What are the four configuration areas of the IMG? Describe each.
    • General Settings – non-application dependent specifications
    • Enterprise Structure – definition of organizational units and their 

       relationships
    • Cross-applications component
    • Functional Areas (e.g., Financial Accounting, Sales and Distribution)


13. Give examples of activities performed on the configuration side 
       in SAP? On the application side in SAP?
     Configuration:
    • Create Organizational structures
    • Define foreign currencies
    • Define financial statements
    • Outline Credit Management functionality
    Application:
    • Post Accounting transactions
    • Post Customer Invoice
    • Post Vendor Invoice
    • Create Master records
    • Process financial statements
    • Display accounting documents


14. What are three major components of Customizing?
    • Implementation Guide
    • Basic Functions
    • Procedure Model


15. What is the SAP Procedure Model?
    Provides planning basics for an implementation project and describes the
    different phases of the SAP implementation for all applications 
    (SAP’s implementation methodology).

16. What are the phases (4) in the SAP Procedure Model?
   • Organization and Conceptual design
   • Detailed design and set-up
   • Preparations for going live
   • Productive Operation


17. What does the menu path: System>Status do?
    It gives the transaction code and other identifying information for the
    current (active) transaction.

18. What is the highest level of information in SAP? 
      Where is this configured?
    General Settings, which is configured in the IMG

19. What are the tables that are configured under global settings?
    Calendar, Units of Measure, Country Table, and Currency Table and
    Exchange Rate Table

20. Who is usually responsible for establishing the organizational structure
      on an implementation?
    FI/CO Team

21. What are some examples of units set up under organizational 
      structure?
   • Company Code
   • Business Area
   • Credit Control Area
   • Functional Area


22. What is meant by “Cross-application” components in the IMG?
    Cross-application components encompass all areas of configuration that are
    not specific to one application. They are used across the functional
    modules. Examples include:
   • Document Management
   • Documentation Tools
   • ALE
   • EDI


23. What are the three versions of the IMG? Describe each.
   • Reference IMG: Complete Version
   • Enterprise IMG: Subset of the Reference IMG that includes all modules to

      be implemented for a specific organization.
   • Project IMG: Subset of the Enterprise IMG based on the individual projects

      or areas within an implementation

24. What is the correction and transport system? 
      Who operates this system?
    The Correction and Transport System provides a method to move
    configuration and program code from system to system or Client to Client.
    It would be used to move customized data from a development system to a
    test system, and then to a production system.
    The Correction and Transport System is usually operated by the System
    Administrator.

Define Company Code & Assign Company Code to Company

Define Company Code:

Enter Transaction code SPRO in the command field

In the next screen Select SAP reference IMG

In next screen Display IMG follow the menu path
PATH: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide -> Enterprise Structure ->Definition->Financial Accounting->Edit, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code



In the next screen, select activity –  Edit Company Code Data

Edit Company code Data

In the Change View Company code screen
Select New Entries



In the Next Screen Enter the Following Details
1.     Enter  your Unique Company Code Number
2.     Enter Company Name
3.     In the Additional Data section Enter City
4.     Enter Country for the Company
5.     Enter Local Currency
6.     Enter Default Language


Click Address Details button on same screen



Enter Address Details for the Company this will appear in print forms
1.     In the Name Section Enter Title and Company Name
2.     In the Search Term section Enter Search term 1 and 2
3.     In the Street Address section enter street, postal code, city, country
4.     In the P O Box Address  section Enter PO Box and Postal Code
5.     In Communication Section Enter appropriate details


 
After Completing this information Press Save  
  and Enter your Change Request number.





You have successfully created a new Company code.
Assign Company Code to Company
In the SAP Reference IMG Select the Menu path
PATH: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ->Enterprise Structure->Assignment->Financial Accounting->Assign Company Code to Company

In the Next Screen Enter the unique Company ID against the Company Code you
Want to assign to this Company.

Press Save   and Enter the Customizing request Number

You have assigned the desired Company code to the Company
This is the end of the step 2.







MUST KNOW ABAP SKILLS BY FUNCTIONAL CONSULTANT:

MUST KNOW ABAP SKILLS BY FUNCTIONAL CONSULTANT:

After entering into SAP arena; earlier I used to assume as a FICO Functional consultant I should be master of own topic. You should know FICO business processes as well as SPRO part of FI and CO modules & its subsequent impact to end user. I was living in a wrong assumption, in order to survive as well as excel in SAP field, you should have command over SAP FICO only & need not to know programming language of SAP i.e. ABAP.

However while handling client requirement or solving their tickets, several time I got stuck due to lack of knowledge of ABAP skill set. Over the period of time I realized that, a basic skill of ABAP is must have ingredient to be a perfect SAP functional consultant.

By understanding utility of this topic I decided to write a blog on this, so that all entry level as well as mid-level SAP professionals can enhance their SAP ABAP skills & add power to their SAP career.

1) Knowledge of SAP Tables - This is the first & most important skill a functional consultant must have. As we all know, SAP system stores all data in the form of tables. Hence it becomes mandatory for us, when we carry out any transaction, in which table data goes. Knowledge of tables will help you in preparation of Functional Specification which we provide to technical consultant. Knowledge of table helps us to track errors & data retrieval operations.

2) LSMW/BDC – Whenever there is mass upload of data to SAP system, knowledge of these data upload technique becomes handy tool for functional consultant. While dealing with BDC’s though functional consultant not supposed to write code of BDC but at least they should aware of SHDB & recording.

3) Functional Specification preparation - Whenever client provides us a requirement which cannot be fulfilled through standard SAP configuration, we have to go for Z development with the help of ABAP consultant. At that time, functional consultant interacts with customer & understands his requirement.  These requirements get transmitted to ABAP consultant with the help of functional specification. For preparation of the same, you have to provide table name & data fields, logic of development, if conditions to be used, loops to be used etc. All though it appears to be very simple task but preparation of functional specification required lot of skills.

4) Interface & EDI – Whenever SAP system interacts with another SAP or non-SAP system, data transmission takes place through EDI i.e. Electronic Data Interchange. EDI is the computer-to-computer electronic exchange of machine processed business documents in a standard format. Knowledge of interface technologies like I-Doc & ALE becomes imperative when we are dealing with the client, which is dealing with its vendors & customers through electronic transmission of data.

5) Query -   This is a handy tool if you want to create a small report having few numbers of fields from a single table or joining two tables. If you know this tool, without the help of ABAP consultant you can create a small report & satisfy client’s requirement.

6) Debugging – In day to day operation, in the absence of desired output from a transaction, it becomes very critical to find out root cause of the given issue. At that time this skill can act as magic. Debugging will help you to find out missing link. Though this is tool is having lot of utility, but it’s difficult to use.

7) Smartforms – Wherever there is print output, there is a smartform.  If you are in support operation, you will face majority of print output issues. Ex. – Financial statements, transaction view, Invoice Prints & Purchase Order prints. Smartform has 3 driving components: Print Program, Layout Set and Function module. Knowledge of these will help you to resolve issue fast; at least you can explain the issue to ABAP consultant quickly.

8) SAP Notes – SAP Notes are provided by SAP itself as correction in code. SAP Notes contains instructions to remove errors from SAP System. SAP Notes can be searched & Implemented based on Note Number, Application Component, and Implementation Status. Transaction Code is SNOTE.

9) Variants - Variants are input data which are filled in the selection screen and then saved so that at runtime the variant can be selected and then the entire selection screen is filled with the desired values.

10) Creating Z T-Codes – For any operations/transactions, in SAP system you can create 'Z' 'T-Codes as per client requirement.


I had tried to enlist maximum number of ABAP skill set required for Functional Consultant according to my knowledge. The list might be incomplete. I request experts to contribute to the blog & enrich this blog so that many SAP functional consultants can be benefited from this blog.

SAP Reference IMG

In the standard system, SAP delivers the SAP Reference IMG with each system. The SAP Reference IMG contains the full functionality of all possible Customizing settings across all countries and application components. It is structured hierarchically according to the application component hierarchy. All Customizing activities are assigned to one or more components. You choose the functions that you want to implement in your company  from the application components. This results in individual Customizing projects for implementing the SAP system in your company.
To display the SAP Reference IMG

see Displaying the implementation guide.


You can display the Implementation Guide in various forms:
As the SAP Reference IMG
To display the SAP Reference IMG, choose Tools ® Customizing ® IMG ® Execute Project or Project Administration in the SAP menu
then
Goto ® Display SAP Reference IMG or choose the Display SAP Reference IMG pushbutton.
As a Project IMG
There are two ways to display a Project IMG:
                 From Perform project
Select the project you want to display in your Customizing worklist, and choose Display project below the list.
                 From project management
Select the project which you want to display, in the project overview, and choose Project ® Display or choose Display Project below the project overview.
The project management data is displayed on tabs.
Choose Goto ® Project IMG or the Display Project IMG pushbutton.

The screen and the display functions described below differ depending on whether you display the IMG with or without Tree Control. You can change the display type in the Perform project or Project management initial screen under Settings ® User-specific.

Expanding and Collapsing the Hierarchy Structure
Display IMG without Tree Control:
A plus sign before a structure node in the hierarchy structure indicates that there are additional structure nodes on lower levels. By clicking the plus sign, you expand all nodes of the next level.
A minus sign before a structure node in the hierarchy structure indicates that all structure nodes on lower levels have been expanded. By clicking the minus sign, you hide all nodes of the lower levels.
Display IMG with Tree Control:
The plus and minus signs are replaced by a triangle which points to the right if there are further structure nodes, or down if the structure is already expanded.
Text Display
You can specify whether want the IMG documentation displayed in SAPscript or HTML format with Utilities ® Text display. This setting overrides the text display standard setting.
For more information about displaying the Implementation Guide, see Additional IMG Displays.
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